Mechanism of Action: Ammonium Ion Binding Activity

Drugs with Mechanism of Action: Ammonium Ion Binding Activity

Applicant	Tradename	Generic Name	Dosage	NDA	Approval Date	TE	Type	RLD	RS	Patent No.	Patent Expiration	Product	Substance	Delist Req.	Exclusivity Expiration
Endo Operations	SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE	sodium phenylbutyrate	POWDER;ORAL	203918-001	Jun 15, 2016	AB	RX	No	No
Endo Operations	SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE	sodium phenylbutyrate	TABLET;ORAL	204395-001	Apr 15, 2016	AB	RX	No	No
Glenmark Pharms Ltd	SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE	sodium phenylbutyrate	TABLET;ORAL	216462-001	Nov 1, 2022	AB	RX	No	No
Sigmapharm Labs Llc	SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE	sodium phenylbutyrate	POWDER;ORAL	202819-001	Mar 22, 2013	AB	RX	No	No

Ammonium Ion Binding Activity Market Analysis and Financial Projection

The pharmaceutical market surrounding drugs with ammonium ion binding activity is shaped by a combination of emerging therapeutic applications, agricultural demand, and evolving patent strategies. Here's a detailed analysis of the current landscape:

Market Dynamics

Agricultural Demand Drives Ammonium Innovation
Ammonium compounds are integral to fertilizer production, with 37.79% of global ammonia market revenue in 2023 originating from North America[3]. This agricultural reliance creates cross-industry opportunities, as improved ammonium ion binding technologies (like crown ether-based ionophores) developed for crop science often find pharmaceutical applications[1][10].

Pharmaceutical Expansion
Key growth areas include:

• Respiratory Treatments: Ammonium carbonate’s use in cough syrups and expectorants benefits from rising global respiratory health needs[9]
• Neurological Disorders: Patent activity reveals interest in targets like D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), where ammonium-binding compounds could modulate psychotic disorders[6]
• Diagnostic Tools: Advanced ionophores like US6746595B2 enable precise ammonium detection in medical sensors[8]

The global ammonia market is projected to reach $172.77B by 2033 (6.3% CAGR), driven partly by pharmaceutical applications in drug stabilization and vaccine production[3].

Patent Landscape

Key Patent Strategies

1. Therapeutic Formulations

   • EP3954994A1: Combines Berthelot reaction components for rapid ammonium detection in biological samples[5]
   • US8840934: Uses NH4Cl dosage forms to stimulate endogenous interferon production[2]

2. Agricultural Synergies
   Patents like US8889592 demonstrate how crop protection ammonium salt formulations (e.g., spiroheterocyclic compounds) often include pharma-relevant binding mechanisms[2][8].

3. Targeted Binding Innovations
   Recent advances include:

   • Solid-state NMR detection of ammonium channel binding (JACS 2022)[7]
   • Thiazole-containing crown ether derivatives showing 73× NH4+/K+ selectivity over nonactin[1][10]

Challenges vs Opportunities

Factor	Challenge	Opportunity
Selectivity	Competing cations (Na+/K+) reduce efficacy	Novel crown ether designs achieve log K > -3.5 vs Na+[1]
Formulation Stability	Hygroscopic base degradation	Dichloroisocyanurate stabilizers in EP3954994A1[5]
Therapeutic Scope	Limited CNS penetration	RET proto-oncogene targeting shows 886 patent filings[6]

Emerging Trends

• Green Chemistry: Bio-based ammonium carbonate production grows at 5.1% CAGR[9]
• Precision Medicine: AmTrac sensors enable real-time ammonium transport monitoring[4]
• Rare Diseases: 42.4% patent focus on North America reflects targeted therapy development[6][9]

"The molecular recognition of ammonium ions through hydrogen bonding and cation-π interactions enables both agricultural and pharmaceutical applications" [10].

While substitutes like ammonium nitrate pressure market margins, patents on ion-selective matrices and sustainable production methods suggest continued innovation. The convergence of advanced detection technologies (NMR sensors[7]), synthetic receptor design[1][10], and cross-industry patent strategies positions ammonium ion binding as a growth area in both small-molecule therapies and diagnostic tools.

References

1. https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjoc/articles/6/32
2. https://patents.justia.com/patents-by-us-classification/424/720
3. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/10/25/2969401/0/en/Ammonia-Market-Size-to-Hit-Around-USD-172-77-Billion-by-2033.html
4. https://elifesciences.org/articles/01029
5. https://patents.google.com/patent/EP3954994A1/en
6. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.10.527980v3.full-text
7. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.1c13247
8. https://patents.google.com/patent/US6746595B2/en
9. https://www.news.market.us/ammonium-carbonate-market-news/
10. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2874414/
11. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211013005557/en/Worldwide-Ammonium-Sulfate-Industry-to-2026---by-Form-End-user-and-Region---ResearchAndMarkets.com
12. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1480779/FULLTEXT01.pdf