You're using a free limited version of DrugPatentWatch: Upgrade for Complete Access

Last Updated: April 10, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR ZOSTAVAX


✉ Email this page to a colleague

« Back to Dashboard


All Clinical Trials for ZOSTAVAX

Trial IDTitleStatusSponsorPhaseStart DateSummary
NCT01953900 ↗ iC9-GD2-CAR-VZV-CTLs/Refractory or Metastatic GD2-positive Sarcoma and Neuroblastoma Active, not recruiting Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine Phase 1 2014-04-01 The purpose of this study is to find the largest safe dose of GD2-T cells (also called iC9-GD2-CAR-VZV-CTLs) in combination with a varicella zoster vaccine and lymohodepleting chemotherapy. Additionally, we will learn what the side effects of this treatment are and to see whether this therapy might help patients with advanced osteosarcoma and neuroblastoma. Because there is no standard treatment for recurrent/refractory osteosarcoma and neuroblastoma at this time or because the currently used treatments do not work fully in all cases, patients are being asked to volunteer to take part in a gene transfer research study using special immune cells. The body has different ways of fighting infection and disease. No single way seems perfect for fighting cancers. This research study combines two different ways of fighting cancer: antibodies and T cells. Antibodies are types of proteins that protect the body from infectious diseases and possibly cancer. T cells, also called T lymphocytes, are special infection-fighting blood cells that can kill other cells, including cells infected with viruses and tumor cells. Both antibodies and T cells have been used to treat patients with cancers. They have shown promise, but have not been strong enough to cure most patients. Investigators have found from previous research that a new gene can be put into T cells that will make them recognize cancer cells and kill them. Investigators now want to see if a new gene can be put in these cells that will let the T cells recognize and kill sarcoma and neuroblastoma cells. The new gene is called a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and consists of an antibody called 14g2a that recognizes GD2, a protein that is found on sarcoma and neuroblastoma cells (GD2-CAR). In addition, it contains parts of the CD28 and OX40 genes which can stimulate T cells to make them live longer. Investigators have found that CAR-T cells can kill some of the tumor, but they don't last very long in the body and so the tumor eventually comes back. T cells that recognize the virus that causes chicken pox, varicella zoster virus (VZV), remain in the bloodstream for many years especially if they are stimulated or boosted by the VZV vaccine. Investigators will therefore insert the GD2-CAR gene into T cells that recognize VZV. These cells are called iC9-GD2-CAR-VZV-specific T cells but are referred to as GD2-T cells for simplicity.
NCT01953900 ↗ iC9-GD2-CAR-VZV-CTLs/Refractory or Metastatic GD2-positive Sarcoma and Neuroblastoma Active, not recruiting National Cancer Institute (NCI) Phase 1 2014-04-01 The purpose of this study is to find the largest safe dose of GD2-T cells (also called iC9-GD2-CAR-VZV-CTLs) in combination with a varicella zoster vaccine and lymohodepleting chemotherapy. Additionally, we will learn what the side effects of this treatment are and to see whether this therapy might help patients with advanced osteosarcoma and neuroblastoma. Because there is no standard treatment for recurrent/refractory osteosarcoma and neuroblastoma at this time or because the currently used treatments do not work fully in all cases, patients are being asked to volunteer to take part in a gene transfer research study using special immune cells. The body has different ways of fighting infection and disease. No single way seems perfect for fighting cancers. This research study combines two different ways of fighting cancer: antibodies and T cells. Antibodies are types of proteins that protect the body from infectious diseases and possibly cancer. T cells, also called T lymphocytes, are special infection-fighting blood cells that can kill other cells, including cells infected with viruses and tumor cells. Both antibodies and T cells have been used to treat patients with cancers. They have shown promise, but have not been strong enough to cure most patients. Investigators have found from previous research that a new gene can be put into T cells that will make them recognize cancer cells and kill them. Investigators now want to see if a new gene can be put in these cells that will let the T cells recognize and kill sarcoma and neuroblastoma cells. The new gene is called a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and consists of an antibody called 14g2a that recognizes GD2, a protein that is found on sarcoma and neuroblastoma cells (GD2-CAR). In addition, it contains parts of the CD28 and OX40 genes which can stimulate T cells to make them live longer. Investigators have found that CAR-T cells can kill some of the tumor, but they don't last very long in the body and so the tumor eventually comes back. T cells that recognize the virus that causes chicken pox, varicella zoster virus (VZV), remain in the bloodstream for many years especially if they are stimulated or boosted by the VZV vaccine. Investigators will therefore insert the GD2-CAR gene into T cells that recognize VZV. These cells are called iC9-GD2-CAR-VZV-specific T cells but are referred to as GD2-T cells for simplicity.
NCT01953900 ↗ iC9-GD2-CAR-VZV-CTLs/Refractory or Metastatic GD2-positive Sarcoma and Neuroblastoma Active, not recruiting The Methodist Hospital Research Institute Phase 1 2014-04-01 The purpose of this study is to find the largest safe dose of GD2-T cells (also called iC9-GD2-CAR-VZV-CTLs) in combination with a varicella zoster vaccine and lymohodepleting chemotherapy. Additionally, we will learn what the side effects of this treatment are and to see whether this therapy might help patients with advanced osteosarcoma and neuroblastoma. Because there is no standard treatment for recurrent/refractory osteosarcoma and neuroblastoma at this time or because the currently used treatments do not work fully in all cases, patients are being asked to volunteer to take part in a gene transfer research study using special immune cells. The body has different ways of fighting infection and disease. No single way seems perfect for fighting cancers. This research study combines two different ways of fighting cancer: antibodies and T cells. Antibodies are types of proteins that protect the body from infectious diseases and possibly cancer. T cells, also called T lymphocytes, are special infection-fighting blood cells that can kill other cells, including cells infected with viruses and tumor cells. Both antibodies and T cells have been used to treat patients with cancers. They have shown promise, but have not been strong enough to cure most patients. Investigators have found from previous research that a new gene can be put into T cells that will make them recognize cancer cells and kill them. Investigators now want to see if a new gene can be put in these cells that will let the T cells recognize and kill sarcoma and neuroblastoma cells. The new gene is called a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and consists of an antibody called 14g2a that recognizes GD2, a protein that is found on sarcoma and neuroblastoma cells (GD2-CAR). In addition, it contains parts of the CD28 and OX40 genes which can stimulate T cells to make them live longer. Investigators have found that CAR-T cells can kill some of the tumor, but they don't last very long in the body and so the tumor eventually comes back. T cells that recognize the virus that causes chicken pox, varicella zoster virus (VZV), remain in the bloodstream for many years especially if they are stimulated or boosted by the VZV vaccine. Investigators will therefore insert the GD2-CAR gene into T cells that recognize VZV. These cells are called iC9-GD2-CAR-VZV-specific T cells but are referred to as GD2-T cells for simplicity.
NCT01506661 ↗ Safety of Zostavax Vaccination in Rheumatoid Arthritis Completed Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Phase 1 2012-01-01 Herpes Zoster (shingles) is caused by reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) that usually occurs decades following initial exposure. The risk of developing shingles increases with age. Shingles presents as a painful, itchy blistering rash that usually involves a single portion of the skin and lasts about 7-10 days. The risk of developing shingles increases with age in healthy people, and has been shown in some studies to be increased in people with rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Zostavax, a live-attenuated vaccine against the varicella zoster virus, was first approved by the FDA for the prevention of Shingles among people 60 years and older, and is now approved for use in people aged 50 years and older. Because rheumatoid arthritis and some of the medications used to treat rheumatoid arthritis can impair the body's immune system, it is not known how much of an immune response can be generated in people with rheumatoid arthritis. The goals of this study are to measure the immune response after standard vaccination with Zostavax in people with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison to people with healthy immune systems. All participants will be 50 years old or older, and subjects with rheumatoid arthritis will not be eligible if they are taking certain biologic medications, including TNF inhibitors (Etanercept or Adalimumab). Ten healthy subjects and 10 subjects with rheumatoid arthritis will all receive a single vaccination with Zostavax, then will be followed for 12 weeks to assess the immune response and for the development of local rash or other potential side effects.
NCT01474720 ↗ Zostavax in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Completed Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Phase 1 2011-11-01 Individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus) appear to be at increased risk for the development of shingles, a painful reactivation of the varicella zoster virus that causes chicken pox. The investigators propose to study the immune response to commercially available Zostavax vaccine (shingles vaccine) in adult patients with SLE who have minimal disease activity and are on mild immunosuppressant medications, and to compare the immune response to that seen in healthy people following vaccination. Acceptable immunosuppressive drugs permitted in the study are those felt to be safe according to Centers for Disease Control guidelines. Ten healthy people and 10 SLE patients (all over 50 years of age) will be recruited to receive a single, standard dose of Zostavax. Blood samples and physical examination will be performed prior to injection, then 2,6,and 12 weeks following vaccination. All participants will receive active vaccine, there is no placebo group.
>Trial ID>Title>Status>Phase>Start Date>Summary
Showing 1 to 5 of 5 entries

Clinical Trial Conditions for ZOSTAVAX

Condition Name

3222000.511.522.53Rheumatoid ArthritisPsoriatic ArthritisAnkylosing SpondylitisShingles[disabled in preview]
Condition Name for ZOSTAVAX
Intervention Trials
Rheumatoid Arthritis 3
Psoriatic Arthritis 2
Ankylosing Spondylitis 2
Shingles 2
[disabled in preview] 0
This preview shows a limited data set
Subscribe for full access, or try a Trial

Condition MeSH

3332000.511.522.53Herpes ZosterArthritis, RheumatoidArthritisSpondylitis, Ankylosing[disabled in preview]
Condition MeSH for ZOSTAVAX
Intervention Trials
Herpes Zoster 3
Arthritis, Rheumatoid 3
Arthritis 3
Spondylitis, Ankylosing 2
[disabled in preview] 0
This preview shows a limited data set
Subscribe for full access, or try a Trial

Clinical Trial Locations for ZOSTAVAX

Trials by Country

+
Trials by Country for ZOSTAVAX
Location Trials
United States 45
This preview shows a limited data set
Subscribe for full access, or try a Trial

Trials by US State

+
Trials by US State for ZOSTAVAX
Location Trials
New York 3
Texas 3
West Virginia 2
Tennessee 2
South Carolina 2
This preview shows a limited data set
Subscribe for full access, or try a Trial

Clinical Trial Progress for ZOSTAVAX

Clinical Trial Phase

25.0%25.0%37.5%12.5%00.811.21.41.61.822.22.42.62.833.2Phase 4Phase 2Phase 1[disabled in preview]
Clinical Trial Phase for ZOSTAVAX
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Phase 4 2
Phase 2 2
Phase 1 3
[disabled in preview] 1
This preview shows a limited data set
Subscribe for full access, or try a Trial

Clinical Trial Status

37.5%37.5%12.5%12.5%00.811.21.41.61.822.22.42.62.833.2Active, not recruitingCompletedTerminated[disabled in preview]
Clinical Trial Status for ZOSTAVAX
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Active, not recruiting 3
Completed 3
Terminated 1
[disabled in preview] 1
This preview shows a limited data set
Subscribe for full access, or try a Trial

Clinical Trial Sponsors for ZOSTAVAX

Sponsor Name

trials000111112222Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOregon Health and Science UniversityUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham[disabled in preview]
Sponsor Name for ZOSTAVAX
Sponsor Trials
Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation 2
Oregon Health and Science University 2
University of Alabama at Birmingham 2
[disabled in preview] 2
This preview shows a limited data set
Subscribe for full access, or try a Trial

Sponsor Type

75.0%12.5%6.2%6.3%0012345678910111213OtherNIHU.S. Fed[disabled in preview]
Sponsor Type for ZOSTAVAX
Sponsor Trials
Other 12
NIH 2
U.S. Fed 1
[disabled in preview] 1
This preview shows a limited data set
Subscribe for full access, or try a Trial

ZOSTAVAX: Clinical Trials, Market Analysis, and Projections

Introduction to ZOSTAVAX

ZOSTAVAX, developed by Merck, is a live attenuated vaccine designed to prevent herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles. Here, we will delve into the clinical trials, market analysis, and future projections for this vaccine.

Clinical Trials Overview

ZEST and SPS Trials

The efficacy and safety of ZOSTAVAX were evaluated in several clinical trials, notably the ZOSTAVAX Efficacy and Safety Trial (ZEST) and the Shingles Prevention Study (SPS).

  • ZEST Trial: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involved 11,184 volunteers aged 50-59 years. The trial showed that ZOSTAVAX reduced the risk of developing shingles by 69.8% compared to the placebo group. The vaccine also increased varicella-zoster virus antibody levels significantly[3][4].

  • SPS Trial: This was the largest clinical trial for ZOSTAVAX, involving 19,270 subjects aged 60 years and older. The study demonstrated that ZOSTAVAX significantly reduced the risk of developing shingles in this age group as well. The vaccine showed a similar safety profile to the placebo, with serious adverse events occurring at a similar rate in both groups[3][4].

Adverse Events and Safety Profile

The clinical trials highlighted that ZOSTAVAX had a higher incidence of injection-site adverse reactions, such as pain, erythema, and swelling, compared to the placebo. Systemic adverse events, including headache and pain in the extremity, were also slightly higher in the vaccine group. However, serious adverse events and deaths occurred at similar rates in both the vaccine and placebo groups[3][4].

Market Analysis

Current Market Position

ZOSTAVAX has been a significant player in the shingles vaccine market, particularly before the introduction of newer vaccines like Shingrix.

  • Market Share: Although ZOSTAVAX was once the dominant vaccine, its market share has declined with the advent of Shingrix, which has been endorsed by health authorities such as the CDC due to its superior efficacy[5].

  • Product Segment: ZOSTAVAX is a live attenuated vaccine, which, while preferred for its single-dose regimen, has seen a shift in preference towards non-live, recombinant subunit adjuvanted vaccines like Shingrix. This shift is due to the higher safety profile and efficacy of Shingrix, especially for immunocompromised patients[2][5].

Regional Performance

  • North America: The U.S. and Canada have seen a significant decline in ZOSTAVAX usage, with both countries prioritizing Shingrix due to its higher efficacy and safety profile. Despite this, ZOSTAVAX still maintains a notable presence in the market, particularly in regions where Shingrix may not be as widely available[5].

  • Global Market: The global shingles vaccine market is projected to grow, driven by increasing awareness and the adoption of vaccination. However, ZOSTAVAX's growth is expected to be slower compared to newer vaccines like Shingrix and potentially SKYZoster, which is gaining traction in certain regions[2][5].

Market Projections

Growth Rate and Market Size

  • CAGR: The shingles vaccine market as a whole is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 7.6% from 2024 to 2031. However, ZOSTAVAX's specific growth rate is anticipated to be lower due to the preference for newer vaccines[5].

  • Market Size: The global shingles vaccine market is projected to reach USD 7.71 billion by 2031, up from USD 3.99 billion in 2022. While ZOSTAVAX will still be part of this market, its share is expected to diminish as other vaccines gain more traction[5].

Competitive Landscape

  • Shingrix Dominance: Shingrix, with its high efficacy rate and safety profile, continues to be the preferred vaccine globally. Its long-term efficacy, as demonstrated in trials like ZOSTER-049, shows that it remains effective for over a decade, further solidifying its market position[1][5].

  • Emerging Competitors: SKYZoster and other emerging vaccines are expected to challenge ZOSTAVAX's market share. SKYZoster, in particular, is gaining approval and being incorporated into immunization programs in various regions, which could further erode ZOSTAVAX's market presence[2][5].

Future Outlook

Challenges and Opportunities

  • Competition from Newer Vaccines: The primary challenge for ZOSTAVAX is the increasing competition from newer, more effective vaccines. Shingrix and potentially SKYZoster will continue to capture a larger share of the market due to their superior efficacy and safety profiles[2][5].

  • Regulatory and Healthcare Recommendations: The endorsement of Shingrix by health authorities such as the CDC and similar bodies in other countries will continue to influence market trends. ZOSTAVAX may need to rely on its existing market presence and any potential niche markets where it remains preferred[5].

Strategic Considerations

  • Targeted Marketing: Merck may need to focus on targeted marketing strategies to maintain ZOSTAVAX's market share. This could involve highlighting the vaccine's single-dose regimen and its established safety profile in certain demographics or regions[5].

  • Innovation and Development: To remain competitive, Merck could invest in research and development to improve ZOSTAVAX or develop new vaccines that can compete with the likes of Shingrix and SKYZoster[2].

Key Takeaways

  • Clinical Trials: ZOSTAVAX has shown significant efficacy in preventing shingles, particularly in older adults, but its safety profile includes higher rates of injection-site and systemic adverse events.
  • Market Analysis: The vaccine's market share has declined with the introduction of Shingrix, which is preferred due to its higher efficacy and safety profile.
  • Market Projections: The global shingles vaccine market is growing, but ZOSTAVAX's growth rate is expected to be slower due to competition from newer vaccines.
  • Future Outlook: ZOSTAVAX faces challenges from newer vaccines but can maintain its market presence through targeted marketing and potential innovation.

FAQs

What is the efficacy rate of ZOSTAVAX in preventing shingles?

ZOSTAVAX has been shown to reduce the risk of developing shingles by approximately 69.8% in adults aged 50-59 years and is effective in older adults as well[3][4].

What are the common adverse events associated with ZOSTAVAX?

Common adverse events include injection-site reactions such as pain, erythema, and swelling, as well as systemic adverse events like headache and pain in the extremity[3][4].

Why has ZOSTAVAX's market share declined?

ZOSTAVAX's market share has declined due to the preference for Shingrix, which has a higher efficacy rate and a better safety profile, especially for immunocompromised patients[2][5].

What is the projected growth rate of the shingles vaccine market?

The global shingles vaccine market is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 7.6% from 2024 to 2031[5].

Are there any emerging competitors to ZOSTAVAX?

Yes, vaccines like SKYZoster are gaining traction and could further challenge ZOSTAVAX's market share in the future[2][5].

Sources

  1. GSK plc. "New long-term data show Shingrix continues to provide high protection against shingles in adults aged 50 and over for more than a decade." Retrieved April 17, 2024.
  2. 360iResearch. "Shingles Vaccine Market Size & Share 2025-2030." Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  3. Merck. "Efficacy and Safety Data for ZOSTAVAX (Zoster Vaccine Live) in Adults Ages 50 to 59 Published in Clinical Infectious Diseases." Retrieved April 2, 2012.
  4. FDA. "ZOSTAVAX (Zoster vaccine Live) Refrigerated Package Insert." Retrieved from FDA website.
  5. SkyQuestT. "Shingles Vaccine Market Growth, Size & Share Analysis | 2032." Retrieved from SkyQuestT website.

More… ↓

⤷  Try for Free

Make Better Decisions: Try a trial or see plans & pricing

Drugs may be covered by multiple patents or regulatory protections. All trademarks and applicant names are the property of their respective owners or licensors. Although great care is taken in the proper and correct provision of this service, thinkBiotech LLC does not accept any responsibility for possible consequences of errors or omissions in the provided data. The data presented herein is for information purposes only. There is no warranty that the data contained herein is error free. thinkBiotech performs no independent verification of facts as provided by public sources nor are attempts made to provide legal or investing advice. Any reliance on data provided herein is done solely at the discretion of the user. Users of this service are advised to seek professional advice and independent confirmation before considering acting on any of the provided information. thinkBiotech LLC reserves the right to amend, extend or withdraw any part or all of the offered service without notice.