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Last Updated: April 13, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial TypeTrial IDTitleStatusSponsorPhaseStart DateSummary
New Dosage NCT00266786 ↗ Safety and Efficacy of Multiple Doses of Intranasal Ketorolac in Postoperative Pain Following Major Abdominal Surgery Completed Egalet Ltd Phase 3 2005-12-01 Ketorolac has been marketed for several years in other forms (tablet and injectable) for the short-term relief of pain. This study will test whether a new dosage form (nasal spray) containing ketorolac is effective at relieving the pain of major abdominal surgery, and will also assess product safety. Previous studies with the nasal spray have suggested that it is similar to the previously approved injectable form in effectiveness for pain relief and in its safety profile. Patients will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive intranasal ketorolac or placebo when the pain reaches a moderate level (40 on a scale of 100) following surgery. After the first dose, subjects will receive study drug every 6 hours for 48 hours, and then as needed (up to 4 times a day) for a total of 5 days. If pain is not adequately relieved by the study drug, subjects will be given morphine sulfate or other standard analgesics. Follow-up safety evaluations will occur about 1 and 2 weeks after the start of dosing. Subjects will be asked to answer questions about their pain relief and any possible side effects of the drug during the study, and will be given physical examinations, including nasal evaluations, before and during the clinical trial. A small amount of blood will be drawn for routine clinical laboratory testing.
New Dosage NCT00266786 ↗ Safety and Efficacy of Multiple Doses of Intranasal Ketorolac in Postoperative Pain Following Major Abdominal Surgery Completed Luitpold Pharmaceuticals Phase 3 2005-12-01 Ketorolac has been marketed for several years in other forms (tablet and injectable) for the short-term relief of pain. This study will test whether a new dosage form (nasal spray) containing ketorolac is effective at relieving the pain of major abdominal surgery, and will also assess product safety. Previous studies with the nasal spray have suggested that it is similar to the previously approved injectable form in effectiveness for pain relief and in its safety profile. Patients will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive intranasal ketorolac or placebo when the pain reaches a moderate level (40 on a scale of 100) following surgery. After the first dose, subjects will receive study drug every 6 hours for 48 hours, and then as needed (up to 4 times a day) for a total of 5 days. If pain is not adequately relieved by the study drug, subjects will be given morphine sulfate or other standard analgesics. Follow-up safety evaluations will occur about 1 and 2 weeks after the start of dosing. Subjects will be asked to answer questions about their pain relief and any possible side effects of the drug during the study, and will be given physical examinations, including nasal evaluations, before and during the clinical trial. A small amount of blood will be drawn for routine clinical laboratory testing.
>Trial Type>Trial ID>Title>Status>Phase>Start Date>Summary
Showing 1 to 2 of 2 entries

All Clinical Trials for KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE

Trial IDTitleStatusSponsorPhaseStart DateSummary
NCT00335439 ↗ Effect of Prophylactic Ketorolac on CME After Cataract Surgery Completed Queen's University N/A 2006-06-01 The study will evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic administration of the topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% (Acular®) on cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients having undergone cataract surgery. CME is the most frequent cause of decreased vision after uncomplicated cataract surgery and can result in irreversible sight reduction. The investigation will involve a comparison arm and a treatment arm with both sets of patient populations being evaluated for CME with ophthalmologic examinations and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements. The objective is to elucidate the role of NSAID drops in preventing CME after cataract surgery.
NCT00366691 ↗ Comparison of Acular LS With Lotemax to Prevent Inflammation After Cataract Surgery and Intraocular Lens Implantation Completed Medical University of South Carolina Phase 4 2006-02-01 The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Acular LS® and Lotemax® in the prevention of inflammation in the eye after cataract surgery. Acular LS is made by Allergan, Inc. It is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use following cataract surgery. Lotemax is made by Bausch & Lomb. It is a steroid and is also approved by the FDA for use following cataract surgery.
NCT00266786 ↗ Safety and Efficacy of Multiple Doses of Intranasal Ketorolac in Postoperative Pain Following Major Abdominal Surgery Completed Egalet Ltd Phase 3 2005-12-01 Ketorolac has been marketed for several years in other forms (tablet and injectable) for the short-term relief of pain. This study will test whether a new dosage form (nasal spray) containing ketorolac is effective at relieving the pain of major abdominal surgery, and will also assess product safety. Previous studies with the nasal spray have suggested that it is similar to the previously approved injectable form in effectiveness for pain relief and in its safety profile. Patients will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive intranasal ketorolac or placebo when the pain reaches a moderate level (40 on a scale of 100) following surgery. After the first dose, subjects will receive study drug every 6 hours for 48 hours, and then as needed (up to 4 times a day) for a total of 5 days. If pain is not adequately relieved by the study drug, subjects will be given morphine sulfate or other standard analgesics. Follow-up safety evaluations will occur about 1 and 2 weeks after the start of dosing. Subjects will be asked to answer questions about their pain relief and any possible side effects of the drug during the study, and will be given physical examinations, including nasal evaluations, before and during the clinical trial. A small amount of blood will be drawn for routine clinical laboratory testing.
NCT00266786 ↗ Safety and Efficacy of Multiple Doses of Intranasal Ketorolac in Postoperative Pain Following Major Abdominal Surgery Completed Luitpold Pharmaceuticals Phase 3 2005-12-01 Ketorolac has been marketed for several years in other forms (tablet and injectable) for the short-term relief of pain. This study will test whether a new dosage form (nasal spray) containing ketorolac is effective at relieving the pain of major abdominal surgery, and will also assess product safety. Previous studies with the nasal spray have suggested that it is similar to the previously approved injectable form in effectiveness for pain relief and in its safety profile. Patients will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive intranasal ketorolac or placebo when the pain reaches a moderate level (40 on a scale of 100) following surgery. After the first dose, subjects will receive study drug every 6 hours for 48 hours, and then as needed (up to 4 times a day) for a total of 5 days. If pain is not adequately relieved by the study drug, subjects will be given morphine sulfate or other standard analgesics. Follow-up safety evaluations will occur about 1 and 2 weeks after the start of dosing. Subjects will be asked to answer questions about their pain relief and any possible side effects of the drug during the study, and will be given physical examinations, including nasal evaluations, before and during the clinical trial. A small amount of blood will be drawn for routine clinical laboratory testing.
NCT00001698 ↗ Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase IIB Trial of Ketorolac Mouth Rinse Evaluating the Effect of Cyclooxygenase Inhibition on Oropharyngeal Leukoplakia: Collaborative Study of the NCI, NIDCD and the NIDCR Completed National Cancer Institute (NCI) Phase 2 1998-06-01 In Phase II trials, treatment with ketorolac tromethamine oral rinse has been shown to block periodontal disease progression even in the absence of standard clinical intervention such as scaling and root planing which is routinely done to reduce the periodontal pathogen load that is driving the local destructive host inflammatory response. Resolution of periodontal disease has a favorable effect on normalizing the cellular and biochemical indices of inflammation as reflected by histological changes as well as the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin I beta (IL-1beta). In this trial, we will prospectively evaluate if eliminating the inflammatory process (via inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis) in the oral cavity has a favorable impact on reversing oropharyngeal leukoplakia. To test this hypothesis, up to 57 prospectively identified individuals with objective findings of oropharyngeal leukoplakia will be randomized to receive either a mouth rinse containing ketorolac or placebo. Ketorolac is a 7-fold selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), which has been designed for local delivery to maximize the drug exposure to critical oral target tissues while minimizing gastric and systemic exposure to the drug. All responses will be determined at the three month completion of trial using the response criteria developed at MD Anderson Cancer Center. The drug will be given for three months and then all the patients will be followed for one additional month off all oral treatment to observe for late side effects. Based on the analysis of oral exam and photographically documented change in the pretreatment area of leukoplakia, the response of all patients will be determined. The evaluation of the outcome will include a measurable secondary endpoint consisting of an assessment of histological change as determined by serial punch biopsies of the oral cavity. In addition, a panel of carcinogenesis and inflammatory markers will be serially measured at baseline, at one month follow up or at study conclusion. In the residual tissue, other bioassays will be evaluated to determine their suitability as intermediate endpoint markers. The purpose of this study is a preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of ketorolac as a potential chemoprevention agent for oropharyngeal cancer. If ketorolac administration in this preliminary Phase IIB trial is associated with reversal of leukoplakia, then a definitive Phase III chemoprevention trial with a cancer reduction endpoint (most likely in a cooperative group-type setting) may be the next validation step.
>Trial ID>Title>Status>Phase>Start Date>Summary
Showing 1 to 5 of 5 entries

Clinical Trial Conditions for KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE

Condition Name

1211640024681012PainPostoperative PainPain, PostoperativeCataract[disabled in preview]
Condition Name for KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE
Intervention Trials
Pain 12
Postoperative Pain 11
Pain, Postoperative 6
Cataract 4
[disabled in preview] 0
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Condition MeSH

2310860-2024681012141618202224Pain, PostoperativeCataractMacular EdemaPulpitis[disabled in preview]
Condition MeSH for KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE
Intervention Trials
Pain, Postoperative 23
Cataract 10
Macular Edema 8
Pulpitis 6
[disabled in preview] 0
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Clinical Trial Locations for KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE

Trials by Country

+
Trials by Country for KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE
Location Trials
United States 58
United Kingdom 7
Canada 7
Brazil 7
Iran, Islamic Republic of 6
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Trials by US State

+
Trials by US State for KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE
Location Trials
Texas 7
California 7
Pennsylvania 7
Florida 7
New York 4
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Clinical Trial Progress for KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE

Clinical Trial Phase

36.7%17.8%6.7%38.9%05101520253035Phase 4Phase 3Phase 2/Phase 3[disabled in preview]
Clinical Trial Phase for KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Phase 4 33
Phase 3 16
Phase 2/Phase 3 6
[disabled in preview] 35
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Clinical Trial Status

68.6%10.5%9.5%11.4%010203040506070CompletedNot yet recruitingRecruiting[disabled in preview]
Clinical Trial Status for KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 72
Not yet recruiting 11
Recruiting 10
[disabled in preview] 12
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE

Sponsor Name

trials02468101214Egalet LtdLuitpold PharmaceuticalsAzad University of Medical Sciences[disabled in preview]
Sponsor Name for KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE
Sponsor Trials
Egalet Ltd 13
Luitpold Pharmaceuticals 12
Azad University of Medical Sciences 4
[disabled in preview] 6
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Sponsor Type

60.7%35.6%00102030405060708090OtherIndustryNIH[disabled in preview]
Sponsor Type for KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE
Sponsor Trials
Other 82
Industry 48
NIH 3
[disabled in preview] 2
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Ketorolac Tromethamine: Clinical Trials, Market Analysis, and Projections

Introduction

Ketorolac tromethamine is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used for managing moderate to severe pain, particularly in the context of surgical procedures and chronic pain conditions. This article delves into the clinical trials, market analysis, and projections for this versatile medication.

Clinical Trials and Efficacy

Dose-Effect Relationship

Clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the dose-effect relationship of ketorolac tromethamine in various surgical settings. A study on patients undergoing hip arthroplasty found that preemptive analgesia with 0.5 mg/kg ketorolac tromethamine followed by postoperative analgesia with different doses (2 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 4 mg/kg) showed significant pain relief and reduced adverse reactions in the higher dose groups[1].

  • Pain Management: The study indicated that higher doses (3 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg) of ketorolac tromethamine resulted in lower pain scores and higher sedation scores compared to the lower dose (2 mg/kg) group.
  • Adverse Effects: However, it was noted that the 4 mg/kg dose did not enhance analgesic effects but increased the number of adverse reactions, highlighting the need for careful dose titration.

Specific Applications

Ketorolac tromethamine has been evaluated in various clinical settings, including orthopedic and ophthalmic surgeries.

  • Orthopedic Surgery: In hip arthroplasty, ketorolac tromethamine has been shown to be effective in reducing postoperative pain and improving patient outcomes when used in combination with other analgesics like dexmedetomidine[1].
  • Ophthalmic Surgery: The drug is increasingly used in ophthalmic procedures due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which help in reducing postoperative pain and inflammation[5].

Market Analysis

Market Size and Growth

The global ketorolac tromethamine market is experiencing significant growth driven by several key factors.

  • Current Market Size: As of 2023, the market size was valued at approximately USD 100 billion[2][3].
  • Projected Growth: The market is expected to reach USD 140 billion by 2031, growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3.8% from 2024 to 2031[2][3].

Regional Market Dynamics

The market is segmented across various regions, each with its own growth trajectory.

  • North America: This region dominates the market, accounting for around 40% of the global revenue, driven by increasing surgical procedures, rising chronic pain incidence, and a robust pharmaceutical industry[5].
  • Europe: Europe holds around 30% of the global revenue and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 10.0% from 2024 to 2031[5].
  • Asia-Pacific: This region is showing rapid growth, with a market size expected to grow at a CAGR of 13.5% from 2024 to 2031[5].

Driving Factors

Several factors are driving the growth of the ketorolac tromethamine market.

  • Increasing Pain Management Needs: The rising prevalence of acute and chronic pain conditions is a major driver[3].
  • Surgical Procedures: An increase in surgical interventions, particularly in orthopedic and dental surgeries, drives the need for postoperative pain management[3].
  • Advancements in Formulations: Ongoing research and development initiatives to enhance medication formulations and delivery systems are supporting market growth[2].

Market Challenges and Opportunities

Challenges

Despite its growth, the market faces several challenges.

  • Adverse Effects: Ketorolac tromethamine is not recommended for long-term use due to potential side effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding and renal insufficiency[4].
  • Regulatory Hurdles: The market is subject to regulatory challenges that can impact the approval and use of the drug[3].

Opportunities

The market also presents several opportunities for growth.

  • Ophthalmic Surgery: The increasing use of ketorolac tromethamine in ophthalmic procedures is a significant growth area[5].
  • Geriatric Population: The growing geriatric population, which often requires more pain management solutions, is another opportunity for market expansion[3].

Impact on Hospital Costs

Ketorolac tromethamine offers significant cost benefits, particularly in reducing hospital costs.

  • Narcotic-Sparing Effects: The drug's effectiveness in pain management reduces the need for narcotics, which can lower hospital costs and improve patient outcomes[3].
  • Reduced Hospital Stay: Effective pain management with ketorolac tromethamine can lead to shorter hospital stays, further reducing costs[3].

COVID-19 Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic had a mixed impact on the ketorolac tromethamine market.

  • Disruptions: Lockdown measures, supply chain interruptions, and reduced healthcare facility visits impacted both production and demand[5].
  • Resilience: Despite these challenges, the market showed resilience driven by the drug's critical role in pain management protocols. As healthcare systems adapted to pandemic conditions, the market began to recover[5].

Key Takeaways

  • Clinical Efficacy: Ketorolac tromethamine is highly effective in managing postoperative pain, particularly when used in combination with other analgesics.
  • Market Growth: The global market is expected to grow significantly, driven by increasing pain management needs, surgical procedures, and advancements in formulations.
  • Regional Dynamics: North America and Europe are leading regions, with the Asia-Pacific region showing rapid growth.
  • Challenges and Opportunities: The market faces challenges such as adverse effects and regulatory hurdles but also presents opportunities in ophthalmic surgery and the growing geriatric population.

FAQs

Q: What is the projected market size of ketorolac tromethamine by 2031?

A: The market is projected to reach USD 140 billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 3.8% from 2024 to 2031[2][3].

Q: What are the main drivers of the ketorolac tromethamine market?

A: The main drivers include increasing pain management needs, rising surgical procedures, a growing geriatric population, and advancements in drug formulations[3].

Q: How does ketorolac tromethamine impact hospital costs?

A: The drug offers significant cost benefits, including reduced hospital costs and narcotic-sparing effects, which can lower hospital stays and improve patient outcomes[3].

Q: What is the role of ketorolac tromethamine in ophthalmic surgery?

A: Ketorolac tromethamine is increasingly used in ophthalmic procedures due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which help in reducing postoperative pain and inflammation[5].

Q: How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect the ketorolac tromethamine market?

A: The pandemic caused disruptions in production and demand but the market showed resilience due to the drug's critical role in pain management protocols. As healthcare systems adapted, the market began to recover[5].

Sources

  1. Clinical research for dose effects of ketorolac tromethamine on PCIA after hip arthroplasty. SciELO.
  2. Ketorolac Tromethamine Market Size and Projections. Market Research Intellect.
  3. KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE - Generic Drug Details. Drug Patent Watch.
  4. Ketorolac Tromethamine - Drug Targets, Indications, Patents. Synapse.
  5. Ketorolac Tromethamine Market Report 2024 (Global Edition). Cognitive Market Research.

More… ↓

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