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Last Updated: April 3, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR NARCAN


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All Clinical Trials for NARCAN

Trial IDTitleStatusSponsorPhaseStart DateSummary
NCT00678145 ↗ Mechanisms of Hypoglycemia Associated Autonomic Failure Active, not recruiting National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Phase 2 2008-03-01 Intensive glucose control in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with clear health benefits (1). However, despite development of insulin analogs, pump/multi-dose treatment and continuous glucose monitoring, maintaining near-normal glycemia remains an elusive goal for most patients, in large part owing to the risk of hypoglycemia. T1DM patients are susceptible to hypoglycemia due to defective counterregulatory responses (CR) characterized by: 1) deficient glucagon release during impending/early hypoglycemia; 2) additional hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF) and exercise-associated autonomic failure (EAAF) that blunt the sympathoadrenal responses to hypoglycemia following repeated episodes of hypoglycemia or exercise as well as degrading other CR; and 3) hypoglycemia unawareness (HU), lowering the threshold for symptoms that trigger behavioral responses (e.g. eating). Thus, the risk of hypoglycemia in T1DM impedes ideal insulin treatment and leads to defaulting to suboptimal glycemic control (2). There are two approaches that could resolve this important clinical problem: 1) perfection of glucose sensing and insulin and glucagon delivery approaches (bioengineered or cell-based) that mimic normal islet function and precisely regulate glucose continuously, or 2) a drug to enhance or normalize the pattern of CR to hypoglycemia. Despite much research and important advances in the field, neither islet transplantation nor biosensor devices have emerged as viable long-term solutions for the majority of patients (3, 4). Over the past several years, our lab has explored the approach of enhancing CR by examining mechanisms responsible for HAAF/EAAF and searching for potential pharmacological methods to modulate the CR to hypoglycemia (5-11). Our work has led to a paradigm shift in the field of hypoglycemia, exemplified by the novel hypothesis and published experimental data supporting a role for opioid signaling that resulted in the initiation of exploratory clinical trials by other research groups.
NCT00678145 ↗ Mechanisms of Hypoglycemia Associated Autonomic Failure Active, not recruiting National Institutes of Health (NIH) Phase 2 2008-03-01 Intensive glucose control in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with clear health benefits (1). However, despite development of insulin analogs, pump/multi-dose treatment and continuous glucose monitoring, maintaining near-normal glycemia remains an elusive goal for most patients, in large part owing to the risk of hypoglycemia. T1DM patients are susceptible to hypoglycemia due to defective counterregulatory responses (CR) characterized by: 1) deficient glucagon release during impending/early hypoglycemia; 2) additional hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF) and exercise-associated autonomic failure (EAAF) that blunt the sympathoadrenal responses to hypoglycemia following repeated episodes of hypoglycemia or exercise as well as degrading other CR; and 3) hypoglycemia unawareness (HU), lowering the threshold for symptoms that trigger behavioral responses (e.g. eating). Thus, the risk of hypoglycemia in T1DM impedes ideal insulin treatment and leads to defaulting to suboptimal glycemic control (2). There are two approaches that could resolve this important clinical problem: 1) perfection of glucose sensing and insulin and glucagon delivery approaches (bioengineered or cell-based) that mimic normal islet function and precisely regulate glucose continuously, or 2) a drug to enhance or normalize the pattern of CR to hypoglycemia. Despite much research and important advances in the field, neither islet transplantation nor biosensor devices have emerged as viable long-term solutions for the majority of patients (3, 4). Over the past several years, our lab has explored the approach of enhancing CR by examining mechanisms responsible for HAAF/EAAF and searching for potential pharmacological methods to modulate the CR to hypoglycemia (5-11). Our work has led to a paradigm shift in the field of hypoglycemia, exemplified by the novel hypothesis and published experimental data supporting a role for opioid signaling that resulted in the initiation of exploratory clinical trials by other research groups.
NCT00335517 ↗ Safety and Efficacy of DepoDur in Lumbar Spine Surgery Patients Completed EKR Therapeutics, Inc N/A 2006-06-01 The purpose of the study is to help determine the appropriate dose of DepoDur for use in spinal surgery. The study will also assess the safety of this drug in this patient population.
NCT00335517 ↗ Safety and Efficacy of DepoDur in Lumbar Spine Surgery Patients Completed University of Rochester N/A 2006-06-01 The purpose of the study is to help determine the appropriate dose of DepoDur for use in spinal surgery. The study will also assess the safety of this drug in this patient population.
>Trial ID>Title>Status>Phase>Start Date>Summary
Showing 1 to 4 of 4 entries

Clinical Trial Conditions for NARCAN

Condition Name

3222000.511.522.53Opioid-use DisorderDrug OverdoseOpioid Use DisorderBrain Death[disabled in preview]
Condition Name for NARCAN
Intervention Trials
Opioid-use Disorder 3
Drug Overdose 2
Opioid Use Disorder 2
Brain Death 2
[disabled in preview] 0
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Condition MeSH

622200123456Opioid-Related DisordersBrain DeathChronic PainDrug Overdose[disabled in preview]
Condition MeSH for NARCAN
Intervention Trials
Opioid-Related Disorders 6
Brain Death 2
Chronic Pain 2
Drug Overdose 2
[disabled in preview] 0
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Clinical Trial Locations for NARCAN

Trials by Country

+
Trials by Country for NARCAN
Location Trials
United States 23
Thailand 1
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Trials by US State

+
Trials by US State for NARCAN
Location Trials
Tennessee 3
Ohio 3
California 3
Illinois 2
Missouri 2
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Clinical Trial Progress for NARCAN

Clinical Trial Phase

50.0%12.5%12.5%25.0%011.522.533.54Phase 4Phase 3Phase 2/Phase 3[disabled in preview]
Clinical Trial Phase for NARCAN
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Phase 4 4
Phase 3 1
Phase 2/Phase 3 1
[disabled in preview] 2
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Clinical Trial Status

50.0%22.2%16.7%11.1%023456789CompletedRecruitingTerminated[disabled in preview]
Clinical Trial Status for NARCAN
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 9
Recruiting 4
Terminated 3
[disabled in preview] 2
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for NARCAN

Sponsor Name

trials011223344556National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)Vanderbilt University Medical CenterUniversity of California, San Francisco[disabled in preview]
Sponsor Name for NARCAN
Sponsor Trials
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) 5
Vanderbilt University Medical Center 3
University of California, San Francisco 3
[disabled in preview] 2
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Sponsor Type

72.7%21.2%6.1%00510152025OtherNIHIndustry[disabled in preview]
Sponsor Type for NARCAN
Sponsor Trials
Other 24
NIH 7
Industry 2
[disabled in preview] 0
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Narcan (Naloxone): A Critical Tool in the Fight Against Opioid Overdose

Introduction to Narcan (Naloxone)

Narcan, the brand name for naloxone, is a life-saving medication designed to reverse opioid overdoses. Its importance has been underscored by the escalating opioid epidemic globally. Here, we delve into the clinical trials, market analysis, and projections for this crucial drug.

Clinical Trials and Research

NIDA-Funded Research and FDA Approvals

NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse) has been instrumental in advancing naloxone research. NIDA-funded studies led to the FDA approval of the first naloxone nasal spray in 2015, which has proven effective in reversing opioid overdoses[1].

Recent research has also focused on other opioid-blocking agents, such as nalmefene, which was approved by the FDA in 2023. Nalmefene offers a longer duration of action compared to naloxone, addressing the need for more sustained overdose reversal, especially with increasingly potent opioids[1].

Ongoing Studies and Innovations

Current studies are aimed at refining naloxone dosages and delivery methods to optimize its life-saving capabilities. This includes the development of intranasal formulations for swift and non-intrusive delivery, as well as the launch of naloxone auto-injector devices for simplified administration[3].

Market Analysis

Market Size and Growth Projections

The naloxone market is expected to experience significant growth. As of 2024, the market is valued at approximately USD 1,341.5 million and is projected to reach USD 2,683.9 million by 2031, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.4%[2].

Another projection suggests the market could attain a value of USD 3,036.8 million by 2032, with a CAGR of 10.5% between 2023 and 2032[3].

Key Drivers of Market Growth

The primary drivers of this growth include the increasing prevalence of opioid overdose cases worldwide, favorable government policies, and public awareness campaigns. The opioid epidemic, fueled by increased opioid prescriptions for chronic pain management, has surged the demand for naloxone as an antidote to reverse overdoses[2].

Distribution Channels and Accessibility

Retail pharmacies dominate the distribution channel segment, projected to hold 43.8% of the market share in 2024. This is due to government policies and recommendations that naloxone be co-prescribed with opioid prescriptions, making it more accessible and affordable through various healthcare plans[2].

Challenges and Barriers

Despite the growth, the naloxone market faces challenges such as lack of awareness about opioid overdose and the stigma associated with addiction. Many people still view addiction as a moral failing rather than a public health issue, which limits discussions and accessibility of naloxone. Affordability is also a significant barrier, with the cost of a box of Narcan ranging from $44 to $45, which is prohibitive for many individuals[2][5].

Market Segments and Trends

Strength and Formulation Segments

The market is segmented by strength, with the 2.0 mg/ml segment anticipated to hold 67.8% of the market share in 2024. The injectable segment is dominant due to its effectiveness and higher bioavailability in emergency situations, allowing for quicker action compared to other routes of administration[2].

Recent Market Trends and Breakthroughs

  • Intranasal Naloxone: Formulations for swift and non-intrusive delivery have been developed, enhancing ease of use in emergency situations[3].
  • Auto-Injector Devices: Launch of naloxone auto-injector devices has simplified administration, making it easier for bystanders and first responders to use[3].
  • Public Awareness Campaigns: Ongoing efforts to raise public awareness about the significance of naloxone in opioid overdose scenarios have contributed to market growth[3].

Impact on Opioid Overdose Mortality

Community-Based Naloxone Distribution

Studies have evaluated the impact of increased naloxone availability on opioid overdose deaths. Models suggest that sustained interventions in naloxone distribution can lead to a steady decrease in the ratio of fatal to nonfatal opioid overdoses. For instance, between 2016 and 2022, continuous efforts to expand naloxone distribution resulted in a decrease in this ratio, indicating improved survival rates conditional on an overdose occurring[4].

Over-the-Counter Availability

FDA Approval and Accessibility

On March 29, 2023, the FDA approved over-the-counter sales of nasal spray versions of naloxone, marking a significant step in the fight against opioid overdose deaths. Prior to this, many states had issued standing orders allowing access to naloxone in pharmacies without a prescription. However, concerns remain about the reach and affordability of over-the-counter naloxone, particularly in pharmacies that may not carry it due to cost or other barriers[5].

Key Takeaways

  • Clinical Trials and Innovations: Naloxone research has led to FDA approvals of nasal sprays and auto-injector devices, with ongoing studies focusing on refining dosages and delivery methods.
  • Market Growth: The naloxone market is projected to grow significantly, driven by increasing opioid overdose cases and favorable government policies.
  • Distribution and Accessibility: Retail pharmacies are key distribution channels, but affordability and awareness remain significant challenges.
  • Impact on Mortality: Increased naloxone availability has been shown to reduce opioid overdose mortality rates.
  • Over-the-Counter Availability: FDA approval for over-the-counter sales of naloxone nasal sprays aims to enhance accessibility but faces challenges related to affordability and pharmacy availability.

FAQs

What is Narcan (naloxone), and how does it work?

Narcan, or naloxone, is a medication that reverses opioid overdoses by blocking opioid receptors in the brain. It is administered via injection or nasal spray and works rapidly to restore breathing and consciousness.

What are the key drivers of the naloxone market growth?

The key drivers include the increasing prevalence of opioid overdose cases, favorable government policies, and public awareness campaigns aimed at increasing naloxone availability and use.

What are the main challenges facing the naloxone market?

Challenges include lack of awareness about opioid overdose, stigma associated with addiction, and affordability issues, as the cost of naloxone can be prohibitive for many individuals.

How has the over-the-counter approval of naloxone impacted its accessibility?

The FDA approval for over-the-counter sales of naloxone nasal sprays has increased accessibility, but concerns remain about whether pharmacies will carry it and whether it will be affordable for those who need it.

What are the projected market values for naloxone in the coming years?

The naloxone market is projected to reach USD 2,683.9 million by 2031, with a CAGR of 10.4%, and another projection suggests it could attain USD 3,036.8 million by 2032, with a CAGR of 10.5%.

How effective is naloxone in reducing opioid overdose mortality?

Studies have shown that increased naloxone availability can significantly reduce the ratio of fatal to nonfatal opioid overdoses, thereby improving survival rates in cases of overdose.

Sources

  1. NIDA FY 2025 narrative - NIDA-funded research and FDA approvals.
  2. Coherent Market Insights - Naloxone Market Size & Share Analysis.
  3. GlobeNewswire - Naloxone Market Projected to Attain a Value of USD 3,036.8 Million by 2032.
  4. JAMA Network Open - Evaluation of Strategies to Enhance Community-Based Naloxone Distribution.
  5. CSIS - One Year of Over-the-Counter Naloxone.

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