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Last Updated: July 28, 2025

Litigation Details for TRUSTID, Inc. v. Next Caller Inc. (D. Del. 2018)


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TRUSTID, Inc. v. Next Caller Inc.: A Comprehensive Legal Analysis

Last updated: July 27, 2025

The Genesis of the Dispute

In January 2018, TRUSTID, Inc. initiated a legal battle against Next Caller Inc. by filing a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. This case, numbered 1:18-cv-00172, marked the beginning of a complex legal journey that would span several years and involve multiple patents, claims, and counterclaims.

The Patents at the Heart of the Conflict

The lawsuit initially centered around U.S. Patent No. 9,001,985. However, as the case progressed, TRUSTID amended its complaint to include two additional patents:

  1. U.S. Patent No. 9,238,532
  2. U.S. Patent No. 9,871,913

These patents were all related to caller authentication technology, a critical component in the modern telecommunications landscape.

The Legal Battlefield Expands

As the case unfolded, it became clear that this was not a simple patent infringement dispute. The legal battle expanded to encompass various claims and counterclaims, including:

  1. Patent infringement
  2. False advertising under the Lanham Act
  3. Violations of the Delaware Deceptive Trade Practices Act

Next Caller's Counterattack

In response to TRUSTID's allegations, Next Caller didn't merely defend itself. The company went on the offensive, challenging the validity of TRUSTID's patents. In October 2018, Next Caller filed an Inter Partes Review (IPR) petition with the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB), challenging the validity of the '985 patent.

The IPR Proceedings: A Parallel Battlefield

The IPR proceedings added another layer of complexity to the case. In April 2019, Next Caller filed additional IPR petitions challenging the validity of the '532 and '913 patents. These proceedings ran parallel to the district court case, creating a multi-front legal battle.

The PTAB's Decision

The PTAB's decision in the IPR proceedings was mixed:

Some claims of the '985 patent were found unpatentable, while others were upheld[1].

This split decision set the stage for further legal maneuvering in the district court case.

The Jury Trial: A Turning Point

The case eventually proceeded to a jury trial, which concluded on July 16, 2021. The jury's verdict was a mixed bag for both parties, reflecting the complexity of the issues at hand.

Key Findings of the Jury

  1. Patent Validity: The jury found in favor of TRUSTID regarding the anticipation, obviousness, and patent eligibility of the asserted claims of all three patents-in-suit.

  2. Non-Infringement: Despite upholding the validity of TRUSTID's patents, the jury found that Next Caller had not infringed these patents.

  3. False Advertising: The jury determined that Next Caller was liable for false advertising under the Lanham Act for its "Increase 10% IVR Containment Rate" statement. Moreover, the jury found this false advertising to be willful.

  4. Damages: The jury awarded TRUSTID $1.44 million in damages for the false advertising claim, plus an additional $1.44 million in punitive damages due to the willful nature of the false advertising.

Post-Trial Motions: The Legal Battle Continues

Following the jury verdict, both parties filed post-trial motions, seeking to overturn or modify various aspects of the jury's decision.

TRUSTID's Motions

TRUSTID filed motions seeking:

  1. Judgment as a matter of law (JMOL) on infringement
  2. A new trial on various grounds

Next Caller's Motions

Next Caller, on the other hand, filed motions for:

  1. JMOL on the false advertising claim
  2. JMOL on the punitive damages award

The District Court's Post-Trial Rulings

On January 5, 2022, Judge Maryellen Noreika issued a significant ruling on the post-trial motions. In a surprising turn of events:

  1. The court denied TRUSTID's motions
  2. The court granted Next Caller's renewed motions for judgment as a matter of law

This ruling effectively overturned the jury's verdict on false advertising and damages, dealing a significant blow to TRUSTID's case.

The Appeal: Taking the Fight to the Federal Circuit

Undeterred by the district court's ruling, TRUSTID appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The appeal, filed under case number 2022-1433, sought to challenge several aspects of the district court's decisions.

Key Issues on Appeal

  1. The district court's grant of JMOL on false advertising
  2. The denial of JMOL on patent infringement

The Federal Circuit's Decision: A Final Verdict?

On March 1, 2023, the Federal Circuit issued its opinion, authored by Judge Chen. The court's decision was a mixed bag, but ultimately upheld the district court's rulings.

False Advertising Claim

The Federal Circuit affirmed the district court's grant of JMOL on the false advertising claim. The court found that while Next Caller had made willfully false statements about its product's ability to increase IVR containment rates by 10%, TRUSTID had failed to provide sufficient evidence of:

  1. Deception
  2. Materiality
  3. Injury

These elements are crucial for establishing a Lanham Act violation under Third Circuit law, which governed this aspect of the case.

Profit Disgorgement Theory

TRUSTID also argued for a profit disgorgement theory based on the Third Circuit's decision in Williamson-Dickie Manufacturing Co. v. Davis Manufacturing Co. However, the Federal Circuit rejected this argument, noting that:

The willfully false statement, standing alone, does not establish this right; TRUSTID still had to show each of the other four elements of the claim to be on par with the finding of trademark infringement in Williamson-Dickie[2].

Patent Infringement Claim

Regarding the patent infringement claim, the Federal Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of TRUSTID's motion for JMOL. The court found that there was sufficient evidence for a reasonable jury to conclude that Next Caller's product did not infringe TRUSTID's patents.

The Aftermath: Implications and Lessons

The TRUSTID v. Next Caller case offers several important lessons for companies in the technology sector, particularly those dealing with patents and advertising claims.

Patent Strategies

  1. Patent Validity ≠ Infringement: The case demonstrates that having valid patents is not sufficient to win an infringement case. Companies must be prepared to prove that their competitors' products actually practice the claimed inventions.

  2. Multi-Front Litigation: The parallel proceedings in district court and before the PTAB highlight the complexity of modern patent litigation. Companies must be prepared to fight on multiple fronts simultaneously.

Advertising Claims

  1. Substantiation is Crucial: Next Caller's false advertising liability stemmed from unsubstantiated performance claims. Companies should ensure they have solid data to back up any performance claims before making them public.

  2. Willfulness ≠ Liability: The case shows that even willfully false statements may not lead to liability if the plaintiff cannot prove the other elements of a Lanham Act claim.

Litigation Strategy

  1. Post-Trial Motions Matter: Next Caller's success in overturning the jury verdict through post-trial motions underscores the importance of these procedural tools.

  2. Appellate Considerations: The Federal Circuit's affirmation of the district court's rulings highlights the high bar for overturning lower court decisions on appeal.

Key Takeaways

  1. Patent validity does not guarantee infringement findings.
  2. False advertising claims require proof of deception, materiality, and injury.
  3. Willfully false statements alone are insufficient for Lanham Act liability.
  4. Post-trial motions can dramatically alter the outcome of a case.
  5. Appellate courts give significant deference to lower court rulings.
  6. Companies should be cautious about making performance claims without solid data.
  7. Multi-front patent litigation requires careful strategic planning.

FAQs

  1. Q: What was the main issue in the TRUSTID v. Next Caller case? A: The main issues were patent infringement and false advertising claims related to caller authentication technology.

  2. Q: Did TRUSTID win the case? A: While TRUSTID initially won a jury verdict on false advertising, this was later overturned by the district court and affirmed by the Federal Circuit.

  3. Q: What was the significance of the Inter Partes Review proceedings? A: The IPR proceedings challenged the validity of TRUSTID's patents, adding complexity to the case and running parallel to the district court proceedings.

  4. Q: Why was Next Caller's false advertising not punished despite being found willful? A: While the jury found willful false advertising, the court determined that TRUSTID failed to prove other necessary elements of a Lanham Act claim, such as deception, materiality, and injury.

  5. Q: What lessons can technology companies learn from this case? A: Key lessons include the importance of substantiating advertising claims, the complexity of patent litigation, and the potential for post-trial motions to significantly alter case outcomes.

Sources cited:

  1. https://cafc.uscourts.gov/opinions-orders/22-1433.OPINION.3-1-2023_2088144.pdf
  2. https://cafc.uscourts.gov/opinions-orders/22-1433.OPINION.3-1-2023_2088144.pdf

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