Claims for Patent: 4,639,436

Summary for Patent: 4,639,436

Title:	Antidiabetic 3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidines
Abstract:	The invention includes certain 3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidine compounds, methods for their preparation, compositions containing said 3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidine compounds and methods for the use of said compounds and compositions. The subject matter of the invention is useful against diabetes, hyperlipaemia and adiposity as well as in animal nutrition.
Inventor(s):	Junge; Bodo (Wuppertal, DE), Krause; Hans P. (Wuppertal, DE), Muller; Lutz (Wuppertal, DE), Puls; Walter (Wuppertal, DE)
Assignee:	Bayer Aktiengesellschaft (Leverkusen, DE)
Application Number:	05/936,280
Patent Claims:	1. A compound of the formula ##STR264## in which R.sub.1 is C.sub.5 -C.sub.30 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkinyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkinyl, phenyl (a), C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 and C.sub.7 -C.sub.30 alkyl substituted by phenyl (b) or substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl said C.sub.5 -C.sub.30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and cycloalkinyl being unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, acyloxy, amino, mono- C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, acylamino, mercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl nitro, cyano, formyl, sulfo, a heterocyclic radical derived from a hexose or pentose, attached to the alkyl moiety directly via a ring atom or via an --O--, --S-- or --NH-bridge or naphthyl said phenyl (a) being unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 chloroalkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 nitroalkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 cyanoalkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkenyl, hydroxyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy, amino, mono-C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkylamino, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, mercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, carboxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 carbalkoxy, sulfo, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylaminosulfonyl, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylaminosulfonyl, nitro, cyano, formyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylcarbonylamino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylcarbonyl, benzoyl, benzylcarbonyl or phenylethylcarbonyl; said substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl being substituted by hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, acyloxy, amino, mono- C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, acylamino, mercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, halogen, C.sub.1 - C.sub.4 alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl nitro, cyano, formyl, sulfo, a heterocyclic radical derived from a hexose or pentose, attached to the alkyl moiety directly via a ring atom or via an --O--, --S-- or --NH--bridge or naphthyl, said acyl being derived from an aliphatic carboxylic acid having from 1 to 7 C-atoms, a phenyl carboxylic acid, unsubstituted or substituted by carboxy, hydroxy, halogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy, nitro or amino, or a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic carboxylic acid containing from 1 to 3 hetero-atoms each of which is N, O or S, unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, chlorine, bromine or amino; said naphthyl and phenyl (b) being unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl, amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, mercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfonyl, sulfo, aminosulfonyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylaminosulfonyl R.sub.2 is ##STR265## wherein phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted by methyl, ethyl, methoxy, chlorine, bromine or nitro, R.sub.3 is --H, --CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 OH, --CH.sub.2 --NH.sub.2, NHR'--CH.sub.2 --, NR'R"--CH.sub.2 --, R'CONH--CH.sub.2, R'CO--NR"CH.sub.2 --, R'O--CH.sub.2, R'COOCH.sub.2 --, R'SO.sub.2 NHCH.sub.2 --, R'SO.sub.2 --NR"CH.sub.2 --, R'NH--CO--NH--CH.sub.2 --, R'NHCS--NH--CH.sub.2, R'O--CO--NH--CH.sub.2 --, wherein R' and R" are the same or different and each has the meaning hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkinyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkinyl or phenyl (a), said alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and cycloalkinyl being unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, acyloxy, amino, mono- C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, acylamino, mercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, formyl, sulfo, a heterocyclic radical derived from a hexose or pentose, attached to the alkyl moiety directly via a ring atom or via an --O--, --S-- or --NH--bridge, naphthyl or phenyl (b) said acyl being derived from an aliphatic carboxylic acid having from 1 to 7 C-atoms, a phenyl carboxylic acid, unsubstituted or substituted by carboxy, hydroxy, halogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy, nitro or amino, or a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic carboxylic acid containing from 1 to 3 hetero-atoms each of which is N, O or S, unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, chlorine, bromine or amino; said phenyl (a) being unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 chloroalkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 nitroalkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 cyanoalkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkenyl, hydroxyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy, amino, mono-C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkylamino, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, mercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, carboxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -carbaloxy, sulfo, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylaminosulfonyl, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylaminosulfonyl, nitro, cyano, formyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylcarbonylamino, C.sub.1 -C.sub. 4 alkylcarbonyl, benzoyl, benzylcarbonyl or phenylethylcarbonyl; said napthyl and phenyl (b) being unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl, amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, mercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfonyl, sulfo, aminosulfonyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylaminosulfonyl. 2. A compound of the formula ##STR266## wherein R.sub.2 is ##STR267## wherein phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted by methyl, ethyl, methoxy, chlorine, bromine, or nitro. 3. A compound of the formula ##STR268## wherein R.sub.2 is ##STR269## wherein phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted by methyl, ethyl, methoxy, chlorine, bromine or nitro and R.sub.3 is CH.sub.2 --NH.sub.2, --CH.sub.2 --NHR', --CH.sub.2 --NR'R"--, --CH.sub.2 --NHCOR', --CH.sub.2 --NR"--COR', --CH.sub.2 OR', --CH.sub.2 --OCOR', --CH.sub.2 --NHSO.sub.2 R', --CH.sub.2 --NR"--SO.sub.2 R', --CH.sub.2 --NHCONH.sub.2, --CH.sub.2 --NHCONHR', --CH.sub.2 --NHCSNH.sub.2, --CH.sub.2 --NHCSNHR', --CH.sub.2 --NH--COOR' wherein R' and R" are the same or different and each is C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkinyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkinyl or phenyl (a), said alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and cycloalkinyl being unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, acyloxy, amino, mono-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, acylamino, mercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, formyl, sulfo, a heterocyclic radical derived from a hexose or pentose, attached to the alkyl moiety directly via a ring atom or via an --O--, --S-- or --NH-bridge, naphthyl or phenyl (b) said acyl being derived from an aliphatic carboxylic acid having from 1 to 7 C-atoms, a phenyl carboxylic acid, unsubstituted or substituted by carboxy, hydroxy, halogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy, nitro or amino, or a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic carboxylic acid containing from 1 to 3 hetero-atoms each of which is N, O or S, unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, chlorine, bromine or amino; said phenyl (a) being unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 chloroalkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 nitroalkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 cyanoalkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkenyl, hydroxyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy, amino, mono-C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkylamino, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, mercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, carboxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -carbalkoxy, sulfo, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylaminosulfonyl, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylaminosulfonyl, nitro, cyano, formyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylcarbonylamino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylcarbonyl, benzoyl, benzylcarbonyl or phenylethylcarbonyl; said naphthyl and phenyl (b) being unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl, amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, mercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfonyl, sulfo, aminosulfonyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylaminosulfonyl. 4. A compound of the formula ##STR270## wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 and C.sub.7 -C.sub.30 alkyl substituted by phenyl, said phenyl being unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl, amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, cyano, carboxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or halogen. 5. A compound according to claim 1, in which R.sub.2 is --H, --SO.sub.3 H or --CN. 6. A compound according to claim 5 in which R.sub.2 is --H. 7. A compound according to claim 1, in which R.sub.3 is --H, --CH.sub.2 OH, --CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2, --CH.sub.2 --NH or CH.sub.2 --O--(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl). 8. A compound according to claim 1 in which R.sub.3 is --CH.sub.2 OH. 9. A compound according to claim 1 in which R.sub.2 is hydrogen and R.sub.3 is --CH.sub.2 OH. 10. A compound of claim 1 wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituted by hydroxy or mercapto. 11. A compound according to claim 1 which is N-methyl-1-norjirimycin, n-ethyl-1-nojirimycin, N-n-butyl-1-nojirimycin, N-benzyl-1-nojirimycin, N-allyl-1-nojirimycin, N-(.beta.-methoxy-ethyl)-1-nojirimycin, N-n-pentyl-1-desoxynojirimycin, N-n-hexyl-1-desoxynojirimycin, N-benzyl-1-desoxynojirimycin, N-allyl-1-desoxy-nojirimycin, N-(.beta.-methoxy-ethyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin, N-methyl-1-desoxynojirimycin-1-sulphonic acid, N-octyl-1-desoxynojirimycin, N-nonyl-1-desoxy-nojirimycin, 1-tosylaminomethyl-1-desoxy nojirimycin, N-methyl-1-tosylaminomethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin, N-nonyl-1-acetylaminomethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin, N-methyl-benzoylaminomethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin, N-propargyl-1-desoxynojirimycin or N-(2-methylmercaptoethyl)-1-desoxy-nojirimycin. 12. A compound of claim 1 which is N-(n-Heptyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin. 13. A compound of claim 1 which is N-Benzyl-1-desoxynojirimycin. 14. A compound of claim 1 which is N-(.beta.-Hydroxyethyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin. 15. A compound of claim 1 which is N-(5'hydroxy-n-pentyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin. 16. A compound of claim 1 which is N-(.beta.-Hydroxypropyl)-1-(desoxynojirimycin). 17. A compound according to claim 1 which has the steric formula ##STR271## 18. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of diabetes, hyperlipaemia or adiposity containing as an active ingredient an effective amount for the treatment of diabetes, hyperlipaemia or adiposity of a compound according to claim 1 in admixture with a solid or liquefied gaseous diluent or in admixture with a liquid diluent other than a solvent of a molecular weight less than 200 except in the presence of a surface-active agent. 19. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of diabetes, hyperlipaemia or adiposity containing as an active ingredient an effective amount of a compound according to claim 1 in the form of a sterile or physiologically isotonic aqueous solution. 20. A composition according to claim 18 or 19 containing from 0.5 to 95% by weight of the said active ingredient. 21. A medicament in dosage unit form for the treatment of diabetes, hyperlipaemia or adiposity comprising an effective amount for the treatment of diabetes, hyperlipaemia or adiposity of a compound according to claim 1 and an inert pharmaceutical carrier. 22. A medicament of claim 21 in the form of tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, ampoules, or suppositories. 23. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of diabetes, hyperlipaemia or adiposity containing as an active ingredient an effective amount for the treatment of diabetes, hyperlipaemia or adiposity of a compound according to claim 17 in admixture with a solid or liquefied gaseous diluent or in admixture with a liquid diluent other than a solvent of a molecular weight less than 200 except in the presence of a surface-active agent. 24. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of diabetes, hyperlipaemia or adiposity containing as an active ingredient an effective amount for the treatment of diabetes, hyperlipaemia or adiposity of a compound according to claim 17 in the form of a sterile or physiologically isotonic aqueous solution. 25. A medicament in dosage unit form comprising an effective amount for the treatment of diabetes, hyperlipaemia or adiposity of a compound according to claim 17 and an inert pharmaceutical carrier. 26. A medicament of claim 25 in the form of tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, ampoules, or suppositories. 27. A method of combating adiposity, diabetes and/or hyperlipaemia in warm-blooded animals which comprises administering to the said animal an effective amount for the treatment of diabetes, hyperlipaemia or adiposity of an active compound according to claim 1 either alone or in admixture with a diluent or in the form of a medicament. 28. A method according to claim 27 in which the active compound is administered in an amount of 0.01 mg to 100 mg per kg body weight per day. 29. A method according to claim 28 in which the animal is a ruminant. 30. A method according to claim 27 in which the active compound is administered orally. 31. A method of combating adiposity, diabetes and/or hyperlipaemia in warm-blooded animals which comprises administering to the animals an effective amount for the treatment of diabetes, hyperlipaemia or adiposity of an active compound according to claim 17 either alone or in admixture with a diluent or in the form of a medicament. 32. A compound of the formula: ##STR272## wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkenyl.