United States Patent 3,937,838: A Detailed Analysis of Scope and Claims
Introduction
United States Patent 3,937,838, titled "Orally active bronchospasmolytic compounds and their preparation," is a significant patent in the field of pharmaceuticals, particularly for the treatment of reversible obstructive lung conditions such as asthma. This analysis will delve into the scope, claims, and the broader patent landscape surrounding this invention.
Background and Invention Overview
The patent, granted to an unspecified assignee, describes compounds effective in treating reversible obstructive lung conditions, with a particular focus on asthmatic conditions. These compounds are characterized by their structural formulas and their therapeutic applications[1].
Key Compounds and Their Structure
The patent introduces two main types of compounds:
- 1-(3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-alkylaminoethanols
- 1-(3',5'-diacyloxyphenyl)-2-alkylaminoethanols
These compounds are noted for their bronchospasmolytic activity, long duration of action, and minimal side effects, especially on the cardiovascular system. The structural formulas include specific substitutions such as tertiary butyl or cyclobutyl groups linked directly to the nitrogen atom, which are crucial for their therapeutic efficacy[1].
Therapeutic Applications
The compounds are designed to act as bronchodilators, providing relief from bronchospasm associated with conditions like asthma. They are distinguished by their weak cardioaccelerating effects, which is a significant advantage over other bronchodilators that often cause cardiovascular side effects[1].
Administration and Formulations
These compounds can be administered in various forms, including oral, bronchial, rectal, or parenteral routes. They can also be formulated as salts with physiologically acceptable acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, or succinic acid, enhancing their stability and bioavailability[1].
Claim Structure and Scope
The patent claims are structured to encompass the specific compounds, their preparation methods, and their therapeutic uses. Here are some key aspects of the claims:
Independent Claims
- The patent includes claims for the specific chemical structures of the compounds.
- Claims for the methods of preparing these compounds.
- Claims for the therapeutic use of these compounds in treating reversible obstructive lung conditions.
Dependent Claims
- These claims further specify the types of substitutions (e.g., tertiary butyl or cyclobutyl groups) and the forms in which the compounds can be administered (e.g., salts with specific acids)[1].
Patent Scope and Breadth
The scope of the patent is defined by the breadth of its claims. Here, the claims are relatively narrow but specific, focusing on the unique structural features and therapeutic applications of the compounds. This specificity helps in avoiding overly broad claims that might be challenged for lack of clarity or validity[3].
Patent Landscape and Prior Art
The patent landscape for bronchospasmolytic compounds is competitive, with numerous patents and applications filed over the years. The prior art in this field includes various compounds and methods for treating asthma and other respiratory conditions. The uniqueness of this patent lies in the specific structural modifications that enhance the duration of action and reduce side effects[1].
Legal and Regulatory Considerations
Patents, including US 3,937,838, are subject to legal and regulatory scrutiny. Claim construction, a critical aspect of patent law, involves interpreting the language of the claims to determine their scope and validity. The Federal Circuit has established that claim construction is a question of law, subject to de novo review on appeal[2].
Impact on Innovation and Litigation
The granting of this patent reflects the ongoing innovation in pharmaceuticals, particularly in the treatment of respiratory diseases. However, the patent system also faces criticisms regarding patent quality and the potential for overly broad claims. The examination process, as shown in other studies, tends to narrow the scope of patent claims, ensuring that only valid and specific inventions are patented[3].
Conclusion
United States Patent 3,937,838 is a significant contribution to the field of respiratory medicine, offering compounds with improved therapeutic profiles for treating asthma and other obstructive lung conditions. The patent's scope is well-defined, focusing on specific structural modifications and therapeutic applications. Understanding the claims, scope, and broader patent landscape is crucial for both innovators and legal practitioners navigating the complex world of pharmaceutical patents.
Key Takeaways
- Specific Compounds: The patent describes 1-(3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-alkylaminoethanols and 1-(3',5'-diacyloxyphenyl)-2-alkylaminoethanols with unique structural features.
- Therapeutic Applications: These compounds are effective bronchodilators with minimal cardiovascular side effects.
- Administration Forms: The compounds can be administered orally, bronchially, rectally, or parenterally, and formulated as salts with various acids.
- Claim Structure: The patent includes independent and dependent claims specifying the compounds, their preparation, and therapeutic uses.
- Patent Scope and Breadth: The claims are specific and narrow, avoiding overly broad assertions.
- Legal Considerations: Claim construction and validity are subject to legal scrutiny and de novo review.
FAQs
Q: What are the main compounds described in US Patent 3,937,838?
A: The main compounds are 1-(3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-alkylaminoethanols and 1-(3',5'-diacyloxyphenyl)-2-alkylaminoethanols.
Q: What is the therapeutic application of these compounds?
A: These compounds are used as bronchodilators to treat reversible obstructive lung conditions, particularly asthma.
Q: How can these compounds be administered?
A: They can be administered orally, bronchially, rectally, or parenterally, and can be formulated as salts with various physiologically acceptable acids.
Q: What makes these compounds unique?
A: They have a long duration of action and cause only very weak side effects, especially on the cardiovascular system.
Q: How are the claims structured in this patent?
A: The patent includes independent claims for the compounds and their preparation, and dependent claims that further specify the types of substitutions and administration forms.
Sources
- US3937838A - Orally active bronchospasmolytic compounds and their preparation - Google Patents
- VASCULAR SOLUTIONS LLC v. MEDTRONIC, INC. - CAFC
- Patent Claims and Patent Scope - SSRN