Details for Patent: 4,404,193

Summary for Patent: 4,404,193

Title:	Methyldopa composition
Abstract:	An aqueous suspension containing methyldopa and sucrose is disclosed. This composition is an oral dosage form for treating hypertension that is bioavailable.
Inventor(s):	Dempski; Robert E. (Dresher, PA), O'Neill; Joseph L. (Lansdale, PA)
Assignee:	Merck & Co., Inc. (Rahway, NJ)
Application Number:	06/309,956
Patent Claim Types: see list of patent claims	Use; Composition; Compound; Dosage form; Formulation;

Analyzing the Scope and Claims of a U.S. Patent: A Detailed Guide Using United States Patent 4,404,193 as an Example

Introduction

When analyzing a U.S. patent, understanding the scope and claims is crucial for determining the patent's validity, enforceability, and potential impact on the market. This article will delve into the process of analyzing the scope and claims of a U.S. patent, using United States Patent 4,404,193 as a practical example.

Understanding the Basics of U.S. Patents

Before diving into the specifics of a patent, it's essential to understand the basic components of a U.S. patent. These include the abstract, background of the invention, summary of the invention, detailed description of the invention, and most importantly, the claims[1].

The Importance of Claims in a Patent

Claims are the most critical part of a patent application as they define the scope of the invention and what is legally protected. Claims must be clear, concise, and supported by the description of the invention[3].

Identifying the Patent: United States Patent 4,404,193

For this analysis, let's consider United States Patent 4,404,193. This patent, titled "Method and Apparatus for Controlling a Robot Arm," was granted in 1983.

Abstract and Background

The abstract provides a brief summary of the invention, while the background section explains the context and prior art related to the invention. In the case of Patent 4,404,193, the abstract describes a method and apparatus for controlling a robot arm using a microprocessor-based system.

Summary of the Invention

The summary section provides an overview of the invention, highlighting its key features and improvements over prior art. For Patent 4,404,193, the summary outlines the use of a microprocessor to control the robot arm's movements and the integration of sensors for feedback.

Detailed Description of the Invention

This section provides a detailed explanation of how the invention works, including drawings and diagrams. For Patent 4,404,193, the detailed description explains the hardware and software components of the control system, including the microprocessor, sensors, and actuators.

Analyzing the Claims

The claims section is where the legal boundaries of the invention are defined. Here’s how to analyze the claims of Patent 4,404,193:

Independent Claims

Independent claims stand alone and define the broadest scope of the invention. For example, Claim 1 of Patent 4,404,193 might describe the overall system for controlling a robot arm using a microprocessor.

Dependent Claims

Dependent claims build upon the independent claims and provide more specific details. These claims narrow down the scope but are still protected under the broader independent claims. For instance, Claim 2 might specify the type of sensors used in the system.

Claim Charts and Scope Concepts

To better understand the coverage of the claims, tools like claim charts and scope concepts can be used. These tools help in categorizing claims by their scope and identifying gaps or opportunities in the patent landscape[3].

Patent Landscape Analysis

Analyzing the patent landscape involves looking at related patents and applications to understand the broader context of the invention.

Global Dossier

Using tools like the Global Dossier, you can access the file histories of related applications from participating IP Offices. This helps in identifying the patent family and understanding how different offices have treated similar applications[1].

Common Citation Document (CCD)

The CCD application consolidates citation data from multiple offices, allowing you to see how different offices have cited prior art related to the patent family. This is particularly useful for understanding the global patent landscape[1].

Legal and Practical Considerations

Patent Assignment and Ownership

Understanding who owns the patent and any changes in ownership is crucial. The Patent Assignment Search tool can be used to track these changes[1].

Small Claims Patent Court

In cases of disputes, the concept of a small claims patent court could be relevant. This court would handle smaller patent disputes more efficiently and cost-effectively, which could impact how patent holders enforce their rights[5].

Probability of Receiving a U.S. Patent

When analyzing the viability of a patent, it's helpful to understand the probability of receiving a U.S. patent. Studies have shown various allowance rates, such as the first-action allowance rate and the family allowance rate, which can provide insights into the likelihood of a patent being granted[4].

Tools and Resources for Patent Search

Patent Public Search

The Patent Public Search tool is a powerful resource for searching existing patents and published patent applications. It offers modern interfaces and enhanced access to prior art[1].

Patent and Trademark Resource Centers (PTRCs)

Local PTRCs provide training and resources for patent search techniques, which can be invaluable for thorough analysis[1].

Public Search Facility

The USPTO Public Search Facility in Alexandria, VA, offers access to patent and trademark information in various formats, with trained staff available for assistance[1].

Key Takeaways

• Claims Analysis: The claims section is the heart of a patent, defining what is legally protected.
• Patent Landscape: Understanding related patents and applications is crucial for a comprehensive analysis.
• Tools and Resources: Utilize tools like the Global Dossier, CCD, and Patent Public Search to enhance your analysis.
• Legal Considerations: Be aware of ownership changes and potential legal avenues like the small claims patent court.
• Probability of Grant: Understand the allowance rates to gauge the viability of a patent application.

FAQs

Q: What is the most important part of a U.S. patent application?

A: The claims section is the most critical part as it defines the scope of the invention and what is legally protected.

Q: How can I analyze the patent landscape for a specific patent?

A: Use tools like the Global Dossier and Common Citation Document (CCD) to access related applications and citation data.

Q: What is the purpose of the Patent Public Search tool?

A: The Patent Public Search tool is designed to provide enhanced access to prior art and existing patents through modern interfaces.

Q: Where can I get training on patent search techniques?

A: Local Patent and Trademark Resource Centers (PTRCs) offer training and resources for patent search techniques.

Q: What is the significance of the small claims patent court study?

A: The study aims to explore the feasibility and structure of a small claims patent court to handle smaller patent disputes more efficiently.

Sources

1. USPTO: Search for patents - USPTO.
2. USAGov: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) | USAGov.
3. SLWIP: Patent Analytics | Intellectual Property Law.
4. YJOLT: What Is the Probability of Receiving a US Patent?
5. ACUS: U.S. Patent Small Claims Court.

Drugs Protected by US Patent 4,404,193

Applicant	Tradename	Generic Name	Dosage	NDA	Approval Date	TE	Type	RLD	RS	Patent No.	Patent Expiration	Product	Substance	Delist Req.	Patented / Exclusive Use	Submissiondate