United States Patent 4,447,424: A Detailed Analysis of Scope, Claims, and Patent Landscape
Introduction
The United States Patent 4,447,424, titled "Steroid derivatives," was granted on May 8, 1984, to inventors J.G. Teutsch, D. Philibert, and R. Deraedt. This patent is significant in the field of pharmaceuticals, particularly for its contributions to steroid chemistry. Here, we will delve into the scope, claims, and the broader patent landscape surrounding this invention.
Background and Invention
The patent describes novel steroid derivatives, specifically 19-nor steroids and 19-nor-D-homo-steroids. These compounds are characterized by their unique structural formulas, which include specific substituents at various positions on the steroid nucleus[4].
Scope of the Patent
Chemical Structure
The patented steroids are defined by their chemical structure, which includes a 13α-methyl substituent, a key feature distinguishing them from other steroid compounds. The formula provided in the patent outlines the possible variations in the substituents at different positions, such as R1, which can be a variety of organic groups[4].
Therapeutic Applications
The steroid derivatives covered by this patent are intended for various therapeutic applications. They are classified under several categories in the International Patent Classification (IPC) system, including:
- A61P25/00: Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P3/00: Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P37/00: Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P5/00: Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P9/00: Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system[4].
Claims of the Patent
The patent includes multiple claims that define the scope of the invention. Here are some key aspects:
Independent Claims
The independent claims specify the novel steroid compounds and their structural features. For example, Claim 1 describes the general formula of the 19-nor steroids and 19-nor-D-homo-steroids, while subsequent claims detail specific substituents and their positions[4].
Dependent Claims
Dependent claims further narrow down the scope by specifying particular variations of the compounds. These claims often build upon the independent claims, adding additional structural details or functional groups[4].
Patent Landscape
Prior Art
The patent references several prior art patents and publications that describe related steroid compounds. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 4,233,296 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,190,796 are mentioned as describing steroids with different substituents[4].
Related Patents
Other patents, such as U.S. Patents 4536401, 4540686, and 4609651, also deal with steroid derivatives and are part of the broader patent landscape in this field. These patents often build upon or differentiate from the inventions described in U.S. Patent 4,447,424[5].
Patent Scope Metrics
Research on patent scope suggests that the breadth and clarity of patent claims can significantly impact the patent's validity and the innovation landscape. Metrics such as independent claim length and independent claim count can be used to measure patent scope. Narrower claims, like those seen in the examination process of U.S. Patent 4,447,424, are often associated with a higher probability of grant and shorter examination processes[3].
Patent Expiration and Current Status
The patent has expired, as indicated by its legal status. This means that the protected inventions are now in the public domain, and the compounds described can be freely used and modified without infringing on the original patent[4].
Impact on Pharmaceutical Research
The steroid derivatives described in U.S. Patent 4,447,424 have contributed to the development of various therapeutic agents. These compounds have been explored for their potential in treating disorders related to the nervous system, metabolism, endocrine system, and cardiovascular system. The research and development based on these patents have advanced the field of steroid chemistry and pharmaceuticals.
Conclusion
U.S. Patent 4,447,424 is a significant contribution to the field of steroid chemistry and pharmaceuticals. The detailed analysis of its scope, claims, and the broader patent landscape highlights its importance in the therapeutic applications of steroid derivatives. The expiration of the patent has opened up these compounds for further research and development, potentially leading to new treatments and innovations.
Key Takeaways
- Novel Steroid Derivatives: The patent describes new 19-nor steroids and 19-nor-D-homo-steroids with specific structural features.
- Therapeutic Applications: These compounds are intended for various therapeutic uses, including nervous system disorders, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.
- Patent Claims: The patent includes independent and dependent claims that define the scope of the invention.
- Prior Art and Related Patents: The patent references prior art and is part of a broader landscape of steroid derivative patents.
- Patent Expiration: The patent has expired, making the described compounds publicly available for use and modification.
FAQs
What is the main subject of U.S. Patent 4,447,424?
The main subject of U.S. Patent 4,447,424 is the description and claims related to novel steroid derivatives, specifically 19-nor steroids and 19-nor-D-homo-steroids.
What are the therapeutic applications of the steroid derivatives described in the patent?
The steroid derivatives are intended for various therapeutic applications, including disorders of the nervous system, metabolism, endocrine system, and cardiovascular system.
How do the claims in the patent define the scope of the invention?
The claims in the patent define the scope by specifying the general formula of the steroid compounds and detailing specific substituents and their positions.
What metrics can be used to measure the scope of a patent?
Metrics such as independent claim length and independent claim count can be used to measure the scope of a patent, with narrower claims often associated with a higher probability of grant and shorter examination processes.
Is U.S. Patent 4,447,424 still in effect?
No, U.S. Patent 4,447,424 has expired, making the described compounds publicly available for use and modification.
How does the expiration of the patent impact further research and development?
The expiration of the patent allows researchers and developers to freely use and modify the described compounds, potentially leading to new treatments and innovations.
