United States Patent 4,761,418: A Detailed Analysis of Scope, Claims, and Patent Landscape
Introduction
United States Patent 4,761,418, titled "Novel Compounds," was granted to the General Hospital Corporation, SmithKline Beecham PLC, and Abbott Laboratories. This patent is significant in the field of pharmaceuticals, particularly for its contribution to neuromuscular blocking agents. Here, we will delve into the scope, claims, and the broader patent landscape surrounding this invention.
Background and Invention Overview
The patent describes novel compounds, their preparation methods, pharmaceutical compositions, and their use in human and veterinary medicine. These compounds are designed to act as neuromuscular blocking agents, which are crucial in surgical procedures and intubation of the trachea[4].
Scope of the Invention
The scope of the invention encompasses several key aspects:
Chemical Structure
The patent details compounds of a specific formula (1), which include an alkenic double bond and may exist in either the E or Z configuration. The substituents about each quaternary nitrogen atom can also exist in either the R or S configuration, resulting in multiple diastereomers[4].
Pharmaceutical Use
These compounds are used to produce muscle relaxation in mammals, including humans, through parenteral administration (intramuscular or intravenous). The dosage varies by species, and the compounds are effective in producing short-duration neuromuscular blockade[4].
Preparation Methods
The compounds are prepared by coupling specific chemical entities (formulae 2 and 3) in a solvent such as 1,2-dichloroethane. The geometric configuration of the resulting compound corresponds to that of the compound of formula (3)[4].
Claims of the Patent
The patent includes several claims that define the scope of protection:
Independent Claims
- Claim 1: The novel compounds of formula (1) with specific configurations.
- Claim 2: Pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds.
- Claim 3: Methods for producing muscle relaxation in mammals using these compounds[4].
Dependent Claims
- Claims that specify the geometric isomers (E or Z) and diastereomers (RR-RR, RS-RS, etc.) of the compounds.
- Claims that detail the administration methods and dosages for different species[4].
Patent Landscape Analysis
Prior Art and Citations
The patent cites several prior art documents related to similar chemical compounds and their pharmaceutical applications. Understanding these citations is crucial for identifying the novelty and non-obviousness of the invention[4].
Global Patent Family
Using tools like the Global Dossier provided by the USPTO, one can identify the patent family for this specific application, including related applications filed at participating IP Offices. This helps in understanding the global protection and any office actions associated with these patents[1].
Competitor Analysis
Patent analytics tools, such as those offered by Schwegman, can help in categorizing and analyzing the claims and scope concepts of this patent in relation to competitors' patents. This analysis can reveal gaps or opportunities in the patent landscape and help in strategic decision-making[3].
Claim Coverage and Scope Concepts
To fully understand the protection offered by this patent, a Claim Coverage Matrix can be used. This matrix categorizes the patents and claims by scope concepts, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of the patent landscape. Interactive claim charts generated by tools like ClaimScape® can facilitate this analysis by visualizing the coverage and identifying areas where additional protection may be needed[3].
Impact on the Pharmaceutical Industry
The invention described in US Patent 4,761,418 has significant implications for the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in the development of neuromuscular blocking agents. These compounds offer a short-duration neuromuscular blockade, which is a critical aspect in surgical procedures.
Legal and Regulatory Considerations
The patent's legal status and any potential disputes or litigation can be monitored through the Patent Examination Data System (PEDS) and other USPTO resources. Additionally, the concept of a small claims patent court, as studied by the Administrative Conference of the United States (ACUS), could impact how future disputes related to this patent are handled[2].
Public Access and Search Tools
The USPTO provides several tools for searching and accessing patent information, including the Patent Public Search tool, which replaced legacy search tools like PubEast and PubWest. The Public Search Facility and Patent and Trademark Resource Centers (PTRCs) also offer resources for conducting thorough patent searches[1].
Conclusion
United States Patent 4,761,418 is a pivotal invention in the field of pharmaceuticals, offering novel compounds with significant medical applications. Understanding the scope, claims, and broader patent landscape is essential for both the inventors and competitors in this field. By leveraging advanced patent analytics tools and resources provided by the USPTO, stakeholders can navigate the complex landscape of intellectual property rights effectively.
Key Takeaways
- Novel Compounds: The patent describes new chemical compounds with specific configurations used as neuromuscular blocking agents.
- Pharmaceutical Use: These compounds are administered parenterally to produce muscle relaxation in mammals.
- Preparation Methods: The compounds are prepared by coupling specific chemical entities in a solvent.
- Claims and Scope: The patent includes claims that define the novel compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of use.
- Patent Landscape: Tools like Global Dossier and patent analytics help in understanding the global protection and competitor landscape.
- Legal Considerations: Monitoring legal status and potential disputes is crucial, with resources like PEDS and ACUS studies on small claims courts.
FAQs
What is the primary use of the compounds described in US Patent 4,761,418?
The primary use is as neuromuscular blocking agents in surgical procedures and intubation of the trachea.
How are the compounds prepared?
The compounds are prepared by coupling specific chemical entities (formulae 2 and 3) in a solvent such as 1,2-dichloroethane.
What is the significance of the geometric isomers and diastereomers in this patent?
The geometric isomers (E or Z) and diastereomers (RR-RR, RS-RS, etc.) define the specific configurations of the compounds, which affect their potency and pharmaceutical use.
How can one analyze the patent landscape for this invention?
Using tools like the Global Dossier, Patent Public Search, and patent analytics software to categorize and analyze claims and scope concepts.
What are the implications of this patent for the pharmaceutical industry?
The patent offers novel compounds for short-duration neuromuscular blockade, which is critical in surgical procedures, and has significant implications for the development of new pharmaceutical products.
Sources
- USPTO: Search for patents - USPTO
- ACUS: U.S. Patent Small Claims Court
- SLWIP: Patent Analytics | Intellectual Property Law
- Google Patents: US4761418A - Novel compounds - Google Patents
- Unified Patents Portal: WO-2013021398-A3 - Unified Patents Portal